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美国留学签证敏感专业 2007版

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  • 美国留学签证敏感专业 2007版

The State Department maintains a Technical Alert List, also known as
the sensitive major list, to guide their evaluation of visa submission.
Sorted by rate.

CRITICAL FIELDS LIST

—————————–

A. CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS: Technologies associated with:

– Warheads and other large caliber projectiles

– Reactive armor and warhead defeat systems

– Fusing and arming systems.

– Electronic countermeasures and systems

– New or novel explosives and formulations

– Automated explosive detection methods and equipment

B. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: Technologies associated with

production and use of nuclear material for both peaceful

and military applications. Included are technologies for:

– Enrichment of fissile material

– Reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover produced

plutonium

– Production of heavy water for moderator material

– Plutonium and tritium handling

Also, certain associated technologies related to nuclear

physics and/or nuclear engineering. Includes materials,

equipment or technology associated with:

– Power reactors, breeder and production reactors

– Fissile or special nuclear materials

– Uranium enrichment, including gaseous diffusion,

centrifuge, aerodynamic, chemical, Electromagnetic

Isotopic Separation (EMIS), Laser Isotope Separation

(LIS)

– Spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide nuclear

research

Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)

– Magnetic confinement fusion

– Laser fusion, high power lasers, plasma,

– Nuclear fuel fabrication including Mixed Oxide (uranium-

plutonium) fuels (MOX)

– Heavy water production

– Tritium production and use

– Hardening technology

C. ROCKET SYSTEMS (including ballistic missile systems,

space launch vehicles and sounding rockets) and Unmanned

Air Vehicles (UAV) (including cruise missiles, target

drones, and reconnaissance drones): Technologies

associated with rocket systems and UAV systems. The

technology needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is

virtually identical to that needed to build a ballistic

missile.

D. ROCKET SYSTEM AND UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE (UAV) SUBSYSTEMS:

Propulsion technologies include solid rocket motor stages,

and liquid propellant engines. Other critical subsystems

include re-entry vehicles, guidance sets, thrust vector

controls and warhead safing, arming and fusing. Many of

these technologies are dual-use. Technologies include:

– Liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems

– Missile propulsion and systems integration

– Individual rocket stages or staging/separation mechanism

– Aerospace thermal (such as superalloys) and high-

performance structures

– Propulsion systems test facilities

E. NAVIGATION, AVIONICS AND FLIGHT CONTROL USEABLE IN

ROCKET SYSTEMS AND UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES (UAV): These

capabilities directly determine the delivery accuracy and

lethality of both unguided and guided weapons. The long-

term costs to design, build and apply these technologies

have been a limiting proliferation factor. Technologies

include those associated with:

– Internal navigation systems

– Tracking and terminal homing devices

– Accelerometers and gyroscopes

– Rocket and UAV and flight control systems.

– Global Positioning System (GPS)

F. CHEMICAL, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: The

technology used to produce chemical and biological weapons

is inherently dual-use. The same technologies that could

be applied to develop and produce chemical and biological

weapons are used widely by civilian research laboratories

and industry; these technologies are relatively common in

many countries. Advanced biotechnology has the potential

to support biological weapons research. In the biological

area, look for interest in technologies associated with:

– Aerobiology (study of microorganisms found in the air or

in aerosol form)

– Biochemistry

– Pharmacology

– Immunology

– Virology

– Bacteriology

– Mycology

– Microbiology

– Growth and culturing of microorganisms

– Pathology (study of diseases)

– Toxicology

– Study of toxins

– Virulence factors

– Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology

– Identification of nucleic acid sequences associated with

pathogenecity

– Freeze-drying (lyophilization)

– Fermentation technology

– Cross-filtration equipment

– High “DOP-rated filters” (e.g., HEPA filters, ULPA

filters)

– Microencapsulation

– Aerosol sprayers and technology, aerosol and

aerosolization technology

– Spray or drum drying technology

– Milling equipment or technology intended for the

production of micron-sized particles

– Technology for eliminating electrostatic charges of

small particles

– Flight training

– Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination

– Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology

– Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology

– Submunitions technology

– Computer modeling of dissemination or contagion

– Chemical absorption (nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC)

protection)

In the chemical area, look for:

– Organo-phosphate chemistry

– Neurochemistry

– Chemical engineering

– Chemical separation technology

– Pesticide production technology

– Pharmaceutical production technology

– Chemical separation technology

– Toxicology

– Pharmacology

– Neurology

– Immunology

– Detection of toxic chemical aerosols

– Chemical absorption (Nuclear-Biological-Chemical (NBC)

protection)

– Production of glass-lined steel reactors/vessels, pipes,

flanges, and other equipment

– Aerosol sprayers and technology

– Flight training

– Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination

– Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology

– Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology

– Submunitions technology

– Computer modeling of dissemination

G. REMOTE SENSING, IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE: Satellite

and aircraft remote sensing technologies are inherently

dual-use; increasingly sophisticated technologies can be

used for civilian imagery projects or for military and

intelligence reconnaissance activities. Drones and

remotely piloted vehicles also augment satellite

capabilities. Key-word associated technologies are:

– Remote sensing satellites

– High resolution multi-spectral, electro-optical and

radar

data/imagery

– Imagery instruments, cameras, optics, and synthetic

aperture

radar systems

– Ground receiving stations and data/image processing

systems

– Photogrammetry

– Imagery data and information products

– Piloted aircraft

– Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV)

– Remotely-piloted vehicles; and drones

H. ADVANCED COMPUTER/MICROELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY: Advanced

computers and software play a useful (but not necessarily

critical) role in the development and deployment of

missiles and missile systems, and in the development and

production of nuclear weapons. Advanced computer

capabilities are also used in over-the-horizon targeting,

airborne early warning targeting, Electronic

Countermeasures (ECM) processors. These technologies are

associated with:

– Supercomputing, hybrid computing

– Speech processing/recognition systems

– Neural networks

– Data fusion

– Quantum wells, resonant tunneling

– Superconductivity

– Advance optoelectronics

– Acoustic wave devices,

– Superconducting electron devices

– Flash discharge type x-ray systems

– Frequency synthesizers

– Microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators

I. MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY: The metallic, ceramic and

composite materials are primarily related to structural

functions in aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, undersea

vehicles, and propulsion devices. Polymers provide seals

and sealants for containment of identified fluids and

lubricants for various vehicles and devices. High density

graphite is used in missile nosetips, jet vanes and nozzle

throats. Selected specialty materials (i.e., stealth and

the performance of these materials) provide critical

capabilities that exploit electromagnetic absorption,

magnetic, or superconductivity characteristics. These

technologies are associated with:

– Advanced metals and alloys

– Non-composite ceramic materials

– Ceramic, cermet, organic and carbon materials

– Polymeric materials

– Synthetics fluids

– Hot isostatic

– Densifications

– Intermetallic

– Organometals

– Liquid and solid lubricant

– Magnetic metals and superconductive conductors

J. INFORMATION SECURITY: Technologies associated with

cryptography and cryptographic systems to ensure secrecy

for communications, video, data and related software.

K. LASER AND DIRECTED ENERGY SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY: Lasers

have critical military applications, including

incorporation in guided ordinance such as laser guided

bombs and ranging devices. Directed energy technologies

are used to generate electromagnetic radiation or particle

beams and to project that energy on a specific target.

Kinetic energy technologies are those used to impart a high

velocity to a mass and direct it to a target. Directed

energy and kinetic energy technologies have potential

utility in countering missiles and other applications.

Look for technologies associated with:

– Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS)

– Molecular Laser Isotope Separation (MLIS)

– High Energy Lasers (HEL) (i.e., laser welders)

– Low Energy Lasers (LEL)

– Semiconductor lasers

– Free electron lasers

– Directed Energy (DE) systems

– Kinetic Energy (KE) systems

– Particle beam, beam rider, electromagnetic guns,

Optoelectronics/electro-oPtics (Europe)

– Optical tracking (i.e., target designators)

– High energy density

– High-speed pulse generation, pulsed power

– Hypersonic and/or hypervelocity

– Magnetohydrodynamics

L. SENSORS AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY: Sensors provide real-time

information and data, and could provide a significant

military advantage in a conflict. Marine acoustics is

critical in anti-submarine warfare; gravity meters are

essential for missile launch calibration. Look for

technologies associated with:

– Marine acoustics

– Optical sensors

– Night vision devices, image intensification devices

– Gravity meters

– High speed photographic equipment

– Magnetometers

M. MARINE TECHNOLOGY: Marine technologies are often

associated with submarines and other deep submersible

vessels; propulsion systems designed for undersea use and

navigation and quieting systems are associated with

reducing detectability and enhancing operations

survivability. Look for technologies connected with:

– Submarines and submersibles

– Undersea robots

– Marine propulsion systems

– Signature recognition

– Acoustic and non-acoustic detection

– Acoustic, wake, radar and magnetic signature reduction

– Magnetohydrodynamics

– Stirling engines and other air independent propulsion

systems

N. ROBOTICS: Technologies associated with:

– Artificial intelligence

– Automation

– Computer-controlled machine tools

– Pattern recognition technologies.

O. URBAN PLANNING: Expertise in construction or design of

systems or technologies necessary to sustain modern urban

societies. (PLEASE NOTE: Urban Planning may not fall under

the purview of INA section 212 (a)(3)(a), U.S. technology

transfer laws, or any other U.S. law or regulation.

However, Urban Planning is a special interest item and

posts are requested to refer such visa application requests

to CA/VO/L/C for further review.) Look for

– Architecture

– Civil engineering

– Community development

– Environmental planning

– Geography

– Housing

– Landscape architecture

– Land use and comprehensive planning

– Urban design
 

军事技术与应用科学
国土安全、执法与消防
法律专业与研究
留学&跨国教育

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